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U.S. food prices are less volatile than fuel prices

  • Consumer and Producer Price Indexes
Line chart showing annual percent changes in food, household energy, and motor fuel prices from 2006 to 2025 in the United States.

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Between 2006 and 2025, food and fuel prices were more volatile than prices for most other consumer goods and services, but the sizes of the price swings differed. Over the past two decades, annual household energy prices have increased as much as 17.7 percent and decreased as much as 6.3 percent. Annual motor fuel prices have increased as much as 35.8 percent and decreased as much as 27.8 percent. Food prices are comparatively less volatile. Annual food prices changed by more than 5 percent during only 3 years, peaking at a 9.9 percent rise in 2022, and rose less than 3.0 percent in both 2024 and 2025.

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